独立行政法人 大学改革支援・学位授与機構大学質保証ポータル

大学の設置認可を行う際の審査基準と、認可後も大学が備えておくべき最低限の基準として両方の役割を果たす文部科学省令。教育研究上の基本組織、教育課程、教育研究実施組織、施設・設備等の項目で構成される。戦後の教育改革の一環として、1956年に制定され、1991年に大幅な改正が行われた。この改正により、従来詳細に定められていた授業科目の種類、卒業要件単位数等が緩和され、教育研究の質の保証を大学自身に求めるという方針の下、大学による自己点検・評価が努力義務と定められた。さらに1999年に自己点検・評価の実施と結果の公表が義務化された。2004年にはこれらについて学校教育法で義務化されるとともに、認証評価機関による評価が義務化された。以降、数次の改正を経て2022年には、自己点検・評価及び認証評価の結果を踏まえた教育研究活動等の不断の見直しの考え方をとり入れた改正がなされた。併せて、大学の創意工夫に基づく先導的な取組を促進するため、教育課程等に係る特例制度が新設された。
高等専門学校、大学院、短期大学、大学通信教育、短期大学通信教育、専門職大学院、専門職大学及び専門職短期大学においてもそれぞれ設置基準が定められ、同様の経緯を経て制定・改正されている。

A MEXT order that serves both as a set of criteria for approving the establishment of a university and as the minimum standards that universities should meet after approval. The order includes sections on the basic units for education and research, curricula, organizational principle for education and research, facilities and equipment. The standards were instituted in 1956 as part of the postwar educational reforms and underwent substantial revision in 1991. Under this revision, the detailed provisions on subject types and the number of credits required for graduation were relaxed and, based on a policy of requiring the universities to take responsibility for the quality assurance of education and research, it was stipulated that universities must make efforts to conduct self-assessment. In 1999, universities were obligated to conduct self-assessments and publish the results. In 2004, these obligations were formulated in the School Education Act, as well as an obligation to undergo evaluation by a certified evaluation and accreditation organization. The standards were since continuously revised until 2022, when the principle that universities should take into account the results of self-assessment and those of certified evaluation and accreditation in their process of incessantly reviewing education and research programs was explicitly stated. An exemption from the approval procedures was added to the standards with a view to encouraging universities to engage in innovative and pioneering initiatives.
There are separate sets of standards for the establishment of colleges of technology, graduate schools, junior colleges, distance learning programs at universities, distance learning programs at junior colleges, professional graduate schools, professional and vocational universities, and professional and vocational junior colleges.

2021/08/03

2024/04/08

留意事項 / Notes